{"@context":"https://neupai.io/schema/v0.2","@type":"StructuredNewsArticle","identity":{"article_id":"tech42_20260526_ai-hallucination-fake-citations-medical-papers","canonical_url":"https://www.tech42.co.kr/ai-%ed%99%98%ea%b0%81-%ec%9d%98%ed%95%99-%eb%85%bc%eb%ac%b8-%ed%8c%8c%ea%b3%a0%eb%93%a4%ec%97%88%eb%8b%a43%eb%85%84-%eb%a7%8c%ec%97%90-%ea%b0%80%ec%a7%9c-%ec%9d%b8%ec%9a%a9-12%eb%b0%b0/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ai-%25ed%2599%2598%25ea%25b0%2581-%25ec%259d%2598%25ed%2595%2599-%25eb%2585%25bc%25eb%25ac%25b8-%25ed%258c%258c%25ea%25b3%25a0%25eb%2593%25a4%25ec%2597%2588%25eb%258b%25a43%25eb%2585%2584-%25eb%25a7%258c%25ec%2597%2590-%25ea%25b0%2580%25ec%25a7%259c-%25ec%259d%25b8%25ec%259a%25a9-12%25eb%25b0%25b0","ai_url":null,"publisher":{"name":"테크42","domain":"tech42.co.kr","type":"online"},"author":"앨리스","published_at":"2026-05-26T00:02:44.000Z","updated_at":null,"language":"en","article_type":"straight_news","originality":"press_release_rewrite"},"content":{"headline":"AI Hallucinations Infiltrate Medical Papers... Fake Citations Surge 12-fold in 3 Years","summary":"According to analysis by a Columbia University research team, fake references generated by AI have increased 12-fold in medical papers over three years. 98.4% of papers containing fake citations remain unretracted and continue circulating in academic databases, posing a threat to academic integrity.","topics":["ai","medicine","academic research","database"],"geography":["US","KR"],"entities":[{"name":"Columbia University","canonical_id":"org:us:columbia-university","type":"organization","role_in_article":"primary_subject","metadata":{"ticker":null,"parent":null}},{"name":"Maxim Topaz","canonical_id":"person:us:maxim-topaz","type":"person","role_in_article":"quoted","metadata":{"ticker":null,"parent":null}},{"name":"The Lancet","canonical_id":"product:uk:the-lancet","type":"product","role_in_article":"mentioned","metadata":{"ticker":null,"parent":null}},{"name":"PubMed Central","canonical_id":"product:us:pubmed-central","type":"product","role_in_article":"mentioned","metadata":{"ticker":null,"parent":null}}],"claims":[{"id":"c1","statement":"Analyzed approximately 2.5 million papers and 97 million citations registered in the public medical paper database PubMed Central","as_of":"2026-05","as_of_explicit":false,"as_of_raw":"May 2026","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":null,"type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null},{"id":"c2","statement":"Approximately 3,000 papers were found to contain over 4,000 fake references","as_of":"2026-05","as_of_explicit":false,"as_of_raw":"May 2026","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":null,"type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null},{"id":"c3","statement":"The ratio of fake references increased from 1 per 2,828 papers in 2023 to 1 per 458 papers in 2025","as_of":"2025","as_of_explicit":true,"as_of_raw":"2025","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":"previous_period","type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null},{"id":"c4","statement":"From January to February 2026, it soared to 1 per 277 papers, representing a more than 12-fold surge in 3 years","as_of":"2026-01","as_of_explicit":true,"as_of_raw":"January-February 2026","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":"three_year_period","type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null},{"id":"c5","statement":"98.4% of papers containing fake citations remain unretracted by publishers and continue circulating in academic databases as of the research timepoint","as_of":"2026-05","as_of_explicit":false,"as_of_raw":"as of the research timepoint","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":null,"type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null},{"id":"c6","statement":"In the legal field, over 1,459 cases citing incorrect AI-generated content have been recorded","as_of":"2026-05","as_of_explicit":false,"as_of_raw":"May 2026","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":null,"type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null},{"id":"c7","statement":"The frequency of occurrence has increased from 2-3 cases per month a year ago to about 5 cases per day currently","as_of":"2026-05","as_of_explicit":false,"as_of_raw":"currently","source_type":"research_paper","comparison":"one_year_ago","type":"fact","figures":null,"expiry_hint":null,"insight":null}],"ai_emotional_context":{"valence":0,"arousal":0,"primary_emotions":[],"secondary_emotions":[],"emotional_triggers":[]}},"provenance":{"source_chain":["primary_reporting"],"original_source_url":null,"related_articles":[]},"temporal":{"freshness":"recent","next_update_expected":null},"access":{"license":"neupai_standard","attribution_required":true,"structured_data":"free","full_text_available":false,"full_text_access":null}}